Which of the following is an acceptable method for non-field nematode treatment?

Fumigation under tarpaulin is recognized as an effective method for non-field nematode treatment. This process involves sealing the area to be treated with a tarpaulin, then introducing a fumigant that penetrates the soil or plant material to eliminate nematodes. The enclosed environment helps to trap the fumigant, ensuring it remains concentrated long enough to be effective against these pests. This method is particularly useful in controlling nematode populations in soil before planting or in stored plant materials.

Other methods listed may not be reliable or effective for non-field nematode treatment. For example, exposure to sunlight may not achieve sufficient temperatures to consistently eradicate nematodes, as the effectiveness can vary based on climate conditions and soil depth. Water immersion is typically impractical for non-field nematodes and is not established as a standard treatment method. Application of chemical pesticides may address nematode infestations but is not always accepted as a primary treatment for non-field situations, especially when considering environmental regulations and integrated pest management practices.