Under Title V of the PVP Act, what is restricted for certificate holders?

The correct choice highlights that under Title V of the Plant Variety Protection (PVP) Act, certificate holders are restricted from selling non-certified seeds. This regulation ensures that only seeds that meet established quality and performance standards can be marketed, which ultimately protects the interests of both consumers and growers by promoting the use of reliable and effective seed varieties.

Non-certified seeds may not have gone through the necessary evaluations that confirm their genetic integrity, disease resistance, or yield potential. This restriction contributes to maintaining industry standards and fosters consumer confidence in the agricultural products available in the market. The core intent is to encourage proper stewardship of plant varieties and ensure that certified seeds remain the focus for cultivation and distribution.

In contrast, certificate holders can engage in the production and marketing of genetically modified seeds and certified seed types, as these activities fall under various regulations aimed at promoting agricultural innovation while adhering to safety protocols.